Aristotle and the Book of Nicomanchean Ethics Essay

Aristotle and the Book of Nicomanchean Ethics In Book I of Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle states that the ultimate human goal or end is happiness. Aristotle describes the steps required for humans to obtain happiness. Aristotle states that activity is an important requirement of happiness. He states that a happy person cannot be inactive. He then goes on to say that living a life of virtue is something pleasurable in itself. The virtuous person takes pleasure in doing virtuous things. The role of virtue is an important one for Aristotle. Without virtue, it seems one cannot obtain happiness. Virtue acts as a linking factor to happiness. Aristotle states that the human function is the life activity of the part of the soul that has†¦show more content†¦First, one has to know the act is virtuous. Second, one has to intend to do it for its own sake. Therefore, one is not expecting anything in return as a result of the action. Thirdly, the action has to be done by one who, when he acts he does so in a certain and firm manner. Aristotle makes the conclusion that most humans do not actually act virtuously. They instead discuss and philosophize about these actions, but do not act on them. This, Aristotle said, is unacceptable because one will not actually accomplish anything by just talking about it. Following the distinctions of what equates to a virtuous character, Aristotle describes what aspect of the soul results in virtue. Aristotle states that there main aspects of the soul. One being that involving feelings. Feelings are the raw human emotions which humans experience. The next aspect is being that which involves power. Power is humans’ disposition to certain feelings and their ability to be affected by them. The last aspect is that which involves habit. Aristotle concludes that the first two aspects cannot result in or involve virtue because the nature of feelings and power are not subject to praise or blame. They cannot be considered good or bad, because they are beyond our control. They exist due to nature. The last aspect of habit is the one which results in virtue. Habits involve the way one responds to the previous two elements which are beyond human control. Habit is the aspect which does involve human controlShow MoreRelatedAristotle and the Book of Nicomanc hean Ethics2051 Words   |  9 PagesAristotle and the Book of Nicomanchean Ethics In Book I of Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle states that the ultimate human goal or end is happiness. Aristotle then describes steps required for humans to obtain the ultimate happiness. He also states that activity is an important requirement of happiness. A virtuous person takes pleasure in doing virtuous things. He then goes on to say that living a life of virtue is something pleasurable in itself. The role of virtue to Aristotle is an important oneRead MoreAristotle And Marcus Tullius Cicero s Influence On Classical Jurisprudence2574 Words   |  11 PagesMatthew Martinez Professor Kevin Govern Classical Jurisprudence 22 March 2015 Aristotle and Marcus Tullius Cicero’s Influence on Classical Jurisprudence Aristotle was a towering figure in ancient Greek philosophy, having made contributions to logic, metaphysics, mathematics, physics, biology, ethics, politics, agriculture, medicine, dance, and theater . Marcus Tullius Cicero, prominent Roman statesmen and consul, preeminent orator, lawyer, and master of Latin prose, significant moral and political

Are You A Clone Business - 918 Words

Are You a Clone Business? Every day, entrepreneurs invest huge amounts of time and money to build what they think is a better mousetrap. However, all too often the entrepreneur struggles to articulate how his value proposition is fundamentally different. While many play around the edges with minor tweaks, they are fundamentally what I call clone businesses. While there is room in the market for these businesses, the clone business will be just another participant in a red ocean where margins are frequently squeezed to the breaking point for all but the best managed businesses. Clone businesses with overall little differentiation from their competitors (such as janitorial companies, drywall contractors, etc.) essentially hang their success on the belief that other business owners are more or less incompetent. Literally, they are banking on everyone around them being â€Å"worse than them† rather than being â€Å"better† in some new way. When you are clone business, you are a commodity, and when you are a commodity, the only real point of differentiation is your price. Price is poor value proposition as there is always someone out there willing to undercut your price and drive themselves out of business faster than you. Even a business that entirely transforms a industry and is considered truly disruptive is not radically different in the end. For instance, look at the business and economic model of a mini mill that uses recycles steel vs. iron ore. Another example is a cell phoneShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Cloning1445 Words   |  6 Pageshave a negative side to it. The process of cloning plants is so simple that there are even guides on the internet which show you how to do it step by step. It is not a very controversial subject because there is really no downside other than the fact that some people have learned how to clone illegal substances to help grow plants faster and easier. Ultimately, as long as you are cloning plants that are good for the environment, it is a good idea because it helps with the research we need to take broaderRead More Reproducibility Of Man Essay1245 Words   |  5 PagesVirginia comes the discussion on if this practice should really be allowed, and if so, wh at limits do you set? How can you look in the eyes of people who have had there family members pass away because the cloning of pigs for their organs have been outlawed. But what do you say when it comes to the question of just raising humans, lets say in a â€Å"human farm†, for exact organ and tissue matches. Where do you draw the line on the recreation of things from our past? After finding the perfectly preserved woolyRead MoreEssay about Another Chance Of Life774 Words   |  4 Pages Another Chance of Life Can there be another you? The answer is no, but by human cloning you can reproduce an offspring that grows into an exact genetically double of you. All of us want to prolong the lives of our loved ones and have a healthy newborn baby. Many infertility couples wanted to have a baby that is genetically theirs, not from adopting a child from a different family background. In the cloning technology, eggs or sperms would not be needed to be conceived by a person because any cellRead MoreMarket Segmentation : Customer s Needs, Wants And Resistances923 Words   |  4 Pageswhose projects were killed, were appreciative. Jobs wanted to relocate good minds for essential developing of main products. 5. Getting the company out of other business such as printers and servers Jobs couldn’t understand why company going to ship a million and not make money on these. He proposed that he will get out of printer business and just let to HP do it. He also cancelled the Newton, the personal digital assistant with the almost good handwriting-recognition system. The ability to focusRead MoreTaking a Look at Human Cloning1067 Words   |  4 Pagesmeans to intervene in the God’s business; in other words, to rebel against the God. To demonstrate, considering the belief that the God created the human beings and is the only one who can create human beings, it is completely unacceptable and unethical to clone humans. Secondly, cloned humans would be excluded from the society and exposed to a strict discrimination which causes a global chaos in the world. For instance, according to â€Å"Cloning† by Devolder, â€Å"clones may be the victims of unjustifiedRead MoreThe Short Story Marionettes, Inc.949 Words   |  4 Pageswork and day-to-day activities easier. With technology, people can travel to different places and communicate with people that are not close by. Technology is used to help advance our daily lives. Having technology is a privilege but when you abuse the privilege you bring forth a dreadful outcome. The short story â€Å"Marionettes, Inc.† shows how technology is a great tool and a privilege to have. It was used to help Braling deal with a situation that he didn’t want to deal with. Braling was â€Å"married toRead MoreLegalization Of Marijuana1365 Words   |  6 Pagesthe US do so largely online and will not publicly disclose their physical address or other contact information. As a grower, before you can begin growing your marijuana, you’ll have to procure the right seeds or the right clones. Seeds are typically easier for the novice grower and you do not need a source that has a ready made plant; such as the case with clones. Global cannabis strains come in either a pure form or in a number of hybrid forms of the cannabis genus plant. These hybrids strainsRead MoreHuman Manipulation Of Genetic Transfer And Its Biological Implications Essay1403 Words   |  6 Pagescodes for the protein beta-lacto globulin is silenced therefore there is no more beta-lacto globulin protein expression. Another technique used to produce daisy the cow was cloning using the Somatic cell nuclear transfer technique. Cloning is where you produce a genetically identical organism. The somatic cell nuclear transfer technique is a laboratory technique for creating an ovum but with a donor nucleus. For daisy the cow this was used so that a cow lacking the beta-lacto globulin protein couldRead MoreThe Fall of Ibm1710 Words   |  7 Pagesthe art solutions that leverage IBM’s industry and business process industries. Problems During the mainframe system era, IBM’s competitors began selling cheaper and high performing IBM compatible central processing units that posed a threat to the company. Entry of Japanese competitors posed a threat to IBM because they had the technical capability to build a powerful computer that matched IBM’s mainframe system. Customers began buying clones from competing companies who promised quality similarRead More Mutation Essay1023 Words   |  5 PagesMutation Mutation, by Robin Cook, is a twisted and scientific adventure, of a mans dream to create the perfect son. He succeeds in his quest yet, his results are not what you might say praiseworthy. Victor, the main character, tried to create the perfect son. He later discovers that his so-called perfect son, VJ, is not who and what he thought. VJ is a mastermind who is obsessed with learning as much as he can, and kills whoever gets in his way. Tampering with genetic makeup and cloning

Issue of Kashmir and Role of Pakistan Free Essays

The Quaid was not given to making rhetorical pronouncements. He was a realist; not an idealist. As a pragmatist and a jurist, he chose his words with care before uttering them; and he was a man of his word. We will write a custom essay sample on Issue of Kashmir and Role of Pakistan or any similar topic only for you Order Now The jugular vein and the body are mutually inter-dependant. Pakistan’s life-blood – water – passes through Kashmir. Kashmir’s life force – its commerce, its people’s very livelihood, its cultural heritage – all lay through its contacts with what is now Pakistan. Both Kashmir and Pakistan have suffered all these years because of artificial man-made barriers between the two. Regrettably, the Quaid-e-Azam did not live long enough to influence the events that followed. The question that presents itself begging for an answer is: if he had lived for a few more years would he have allowed this issue to linger on for so long? We may do well to give this aspect some thought. Regrettably, the leadership that followed the Quaid singularly failed to live up to his ideals. Several issues – the Kashmir issue among them – that should have been tackled betimes and were not are a testimony to this. This is neither the time nor the occasion to go into the history of this issue. Suffice it to state that after the Quaid, successive leadership appear to have missed the bus. The struggle of the people of the State predates the partition of what was then British India. Even before the British left, the people of the State had already asserted, through a valiant struggle, their inalienable right to decide their own future. When the matter landed in the Security Council of the United Nations, the World Body went on to put its stamp of approval on this fundamental right of the people of the Jammu and Kashmir. The right of self-determination of the people of the State of Jammu and Kashmir was guaranteed by the United Nations. As a result of the resolutions of the world body, four parties to the dispute were explicitly recognized: 1) The government of India; 2) The government of Pakistan; 3) The people of the State; and, by implication, 4) The international community, through the United Nations. Any movement towards a final settlement of the issue should, therefore, need to be endorsed by all the four parties. No one party has the right to unilaterally impose a settlement nor, in deed, to move the goal posts. This remains the internationally recognized position. In 1947, British rule in India ended with the creation of two new nations: the Union of India and the Dominion of Pakistan, while British suzerainty over the 562 Indian princely statesended. According to the Indian Independence Act 1947, â€Å"the suzerainty of His Majesty over the Indian States lapses, and with it, all treaties and agreements in force at the date of the passing of this Act between His Majesty and the rulers of Indian States†,so the states were left to choose whether to join India or Pakistan or to remain independent. Jammu and Kashmir, the largest of the princely states, had a predominantly Muslim population, while having a Hindu ruler (Maharaja Hari Singh. ) On partition Pakistan expected Kashmir to be annexed to it. In October 1947, Muslim revolutionaries in western Kashmir and Pakistani tribals from Dir entered Kashmir, intending to liberate it from Dogra rule. Unable to withstand the invasion, the Maharaja signed the Instrument of Accession that was accepted by the government of India on 27 October 1947. The resulting war over Kashmir, the First Kashmir War, lasted until 1948, when India moved the issue to the UN Security Council. Sheikh Abdullah was not in favour of India seeking UN intervention because he was sure the Indian Army could free the entire State of invaders. The UN had previously passed resolutions for setting up monitoring of the conflict in Kashmir. Following the set-up of the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNCIP), the UN Security Council passed Resolution 47 on 21 April 1948. The resolution imposed an immediate cease-fire and called on Pakistan to withdraw all military presence. The resolution stated that Pakistan would have no say in Jammu and Kashmir politics. India would retain a minimum military presence and â€Å"the final disposition of the State of Jammu and Kashmir will be made in accordance with the will of the people expressed through the democratic method of a free and impartial plebiscite conducted under the auspices of the United Nations. † The ceasefire was enacted on 31 December 1948. The Indian and Pakistani governments agreed to hold the plebiscite, but Pakistan did not withdraw its troops from Kashmir, thus violating the conditions for holding the plebiscite Over the next several years, the UN Security Council passed four new resolutions, revising the terms of Resolution 47 to include a synchronous withdrawal of both Indian and Pakistani troops from the region, To this end, UN arbitrators put forward 11 different proposals for the demilitarization of the region. All of these were accepted by Pakistan, but rejected by the Indian government. Resolutions passed under the UN charter are considered non-binding and have no mandatory enforceability, as opposed to the resolutions passed under Chapter VII. In 1965 and 1971, heavy fighting broke out again between India and Pakistan. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 resulted in the defeat of Pakistan and the Pakistani military’s surrender in East Pakistan. The Simla Agreement was signed in 1972 between India and Pakistan. By this treaty, both countries agreed to settle all issues by peaceful means using mutual discussion in the framework of the UN Charter. In 1989, a widespread popular and armed insurgency started in Kashmir. After the 1987 State legislative assembly election, some of the results were disputed. This resulted in the formation militant wings after the election and was the beginning of the Mujahadeen insurgency, which continues to this day. India contends that the insurgency was largely started by Afghan mujahadeen who entered the Kashmir valley following the end of the Soviet-Afghan War. Pakistani and Kashmiri nationalists argue that Afghan mujahideen did not leave Afghanistan in large numbers until 1992, three years after the insurgency began. Yasin Malik, a leader of one faction of the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front, was one of the Kashmiris to organize militancy in Kashmir, Since 1995, Malik has renounced the use of violence and calls for strictly peaceful methods to resolve the dispute. He developed differences with one of the senior leaders, for shunning the demand for an independent Kashmir and trying to cut a deal with the Indian Prime Minister. Pakistan claims these insurgents are Jammu and Kashmir citizens, and are rising up against the Indian army in an independence movement. Pakistan accuses the Indian army of committing serious human rights violations in Kashmir. Pakistan denies that it has or currently is supplying weapons and ammunition to the insurgents. India claims these insurgents are Islamic terrorist groups from Pakistan-administered Kashmir and Afghanistan, fighting to make Jammu and Kashmir part of Pakistan. They claim Pakistan is supplying munitions to the terrorists and training them in Pakistan. India states that the terrorists have been killing many citizens in Kashmir and committing human rights violations. They deny that their own armed forces are responsible for human rights abuses. On a visit to Pakistan in 2006 current Chief Minister of Kashmir Omar Abdullah remarked that foreign militants were engaged in reckless killings and mayhem in the name of religion. Indian government has said militancy is now on the decline. The Pakistani government calls these insurgents â€Å"Kashmiri freedom fighters†, and claims that it gives only moral and diplomatic support to these insurgents, though Indiabelieves they are Pakistan-supported terrorists from Pakistan Administered Kashmir. In October 2008, President Asif Ali Zardari of Pakistan called the Kashmir separatists terrorists in an interview . these comments by Zardari sparked outrage amongs many Kashmiris, some of whom defied a curfew by the Indian army to burn him in effigy. There has been a â€Å"purely indigenous, purely Kashmiri†peaceful protest movement alongside the insurgency in Indian-administered Kashmir since 1989. The movement was created for the same reason as the insurgency; it began with the disputed rigged elections of 1987. The Kashmiris have grievances with the Indian government, specifically the Indian Military, which has committed human rights violations, according to the United Nations. In mid-1999, insurgents and Pakistani soldiers from Pakistani Kashmir infiltrated into Jammu and Kashmir. During the winter season, Indian forces regularly move down to lower altitudes, as severe climatic conditions makes it almost impossible for them to guard the high peaks near the Line of Control. The insurgents took advantage of this and occupied vacant mountain peaks of the Kargil range overlooking the highway in Indian Kashmir that connect sarinagars and Leh. By blocking the highway, they wanted to cut off the only link between the Kashmir Valley . This resulted in a high-scale conflict between the Indian Army and the Pakistan Army. Fears of the Kargil War turning into a nuclear war provoked the then-United States President Bill Clinton to pressure Pakistan to retreat. Faced with mounting losses of personnel and posts, the Pakistan Army withdrew their remaining troops from the area, ending the conflict. India reclaimed control of the peaks, which they now patrol and monitor all year long. Pakistan’s claims to the disputed region are based on the rejection of Indian claims to Kashmir, namely the Instrument of Accession. Pakistan insists that the Maharaja was not a popular leader, and was regarded as a tyrant by most Kashmiris. Pakistan maintains that the Maharaja used brute force to suppress the population. Pakistan accuses India of hypocrisy, as it refused to recognize the accession of Junagadh to Pakistan and Hyderabad’s independence, on the grounds that those two states had Hindu majorities. Since he had fled Kashmir due to Pakistani invasion,Pakistan argues that even if the Maharaja had any authority in determining the plight of Kashmir, Pakistan claims that Indian forces were in Kashmir before the Instrument of Accession was signed with India, and that therefore Indian troops were in Kashmir in violation of the Standstill Agreement, which was designed to maintain the status quo in Kashmir From 1990 to 1999, some organizations reported that the Indian Armed Forces, its paramilitary groups, and counter-insurgent militias were responsible for the deaths 4,501 Kashmiri civilians.  Also from 1990 to 1999, there were records of 4,242 women between the ages of 7–70 being raped. How to cite Issue of Kashmir and Role of Pakistan, Essay examples

Persuasive Argumentative Essay on Online Betting

Question: Write about the Persuasive Argumentative Essay on Online Betting. Answer: Introduction Online betting refers to the gambling of the cash or maybe something that is of worth on an event with a hesitant result with the primary intention of winning money or the material products. Online betting needs about three constituents to be present that happen to be consideration, chance and prize (Ahlin, 2007). The outcome of the wager is usually frequently instant, such as just one roll of the dice, a spin of the roulette wheel or maybe a horse that could be crossing the end line. Online betting continues to be an important global industrial activity, with the authorized gambling marketplace totalling to an approximated three hundred billion dollars by the year 2009. Online betting might be carried out with the components that have a valuation. The internet has found new types of gambling to form online (Andrle, 2004). As a result of the improvement of the technology, it has changed on the habits of betting. Betting has become one of the most popular as well as lucrative business present in the internet an example of this was in the UK where the gambling commission stated that the betting industry had achieved a turnover of more than eighty four million pounds (Braun Kvasnicka, 2013). This was mainly due to the various betting options, which are available in order to facilitate the different types of individuals. Issues Surrounding Government Allowing Singapore Pools and Turf Club Lottery Operators to Offer Online Betting The government previously had placed a ban on the remote gambling, which did not allow individuals to bet online (Hurt, 2006). The reason surrounding the government allowing these lottery operators to offer online betting is to help curb the drive to demand for the underground betting. In the event that the government banning the gambling there would be many underground betting that, the government did not have control over (Woolley, 2003). This could have created larger incentives for the criminal syndicates to target the Singaporeans individual. Complete ban could have not have stopped the illegal online to stop. According to the survey which was done by the Ministry of home affairs of more than one thousand internet users showed that in three individuals out of ten acknowledged that they had engaged in the remote gambling of at least once in the past years (Wood Williams, 2007). Prohibition of the online gambling would have led to black market in Singapore, which are unregulated sites (Hurt, 2006). The government felt the need to permit these lottery operators to do online betting so that they could easily monitor the activities as well as set policies to regulate the online betting. The aspect of the black market could have a potential dangerous to the consumer, as there are certainly high threat of this kind of websites from deceitful concerning who their customers are, in regards for not employing of strict control, which regards to the identity verification, protection of the problem of the gamblers and the age limits (Andrle, 2004). If the market was regulated the consumers could use the sites that are licensed as opposed to turn to the black market website. This means that the authorities experienced theneed to focus their attention to ensure that these licensed sites comply strictly in terms of the age controls, through introduction of the measures that are designed to protect the problem of the gamblers, and through paying of the relevant duty and r eporting on activities that are suspicious (Gainsbury, 2012). Therefore, the moral issues is to enable the government to protect the minors as well as the family members of the gamblers. Argument for the Government Allowing Lottery Operators to Offer Online Betting One of the reason for the upholding the government decision to allow the operator is due to the problem of gambling or the addition. Singapore has permitted forms of the physical wagering these types of actions are actually launched owning restrictions to an make an effort to protect the citizens of Singapore along with the permanent citizens from the dangers of the problem of gambling along with addition ( Henderson , 2012 ) . These types of concerns usually are possibly more powerful particularly when one perceives the online gambling since there is a lot of the perceived stigma especially when one is seen gambling could disappear since it can be done in privacy at owns home or perhaps through a mobile phone. Since gambling is done in a way that is secretive, it may be less likely for those suffering to be identifies and helped by members of the family (Hurt, 2006). The government upholding the decision for the lottery operators to offer the online betting would help to monitor on the youth gambling. The online gambling essentially present concerns in regards to the ability of the young individual to bypassing the age checks (Ahlin, 2007). The online gambling operators can control the government implementing on the measures to curb the age control. Further, there are concerns of the internet betting on the criminal use on the money laundering. If the government did not allow these operators to operate some crime groups, could open online gambling account with large amount of money, gamble it a few time and then close the account, and cash out (Griffiths, 2010). The government allowing these operators licenses to operate would allow them to monitor on the users who sign to these site through the restriction, which they will implement in these companies. The combination for the Singapore on the existing restrictions regulatory approach in regards to the regulatory stance seems that Singapore would likely follow the example of the USA and Hong Kong as well as generate a model to which prohibits the online betting but to accommodate a variety of limited exemptions control ( Braun Kvasnicka , 2013 ) . Nevertheless , at this point there is certainly a lot little to indicate precisely of what exemptions might be regarded by the regulators , but the reports that the measures that are being taken by the Singapore pools recommends the present licensed operators will be considered by they will fall under a certain exemption. Argument Against upholding of the Decision of the Government If these companies are given the go ahead to operate the online betting there is likelihood of the youth engaging to online betting (Wood Williams, 2007). The online gambling has presented certain worries in regarding the ability of the teenagers bypassing the age checks. Furthermore, this really is a threat with the physical wagering in which underage gambling is clear-cut to the law enforcement. According to the Minister Iswaran has highlighted that there has been remote gambling which could be easily be accessed via the net and via the cellular applications particularly to the younger as well as the tech savvy generation (Henderson, 2012). Additionally, it can be noted that if these companies were allowed to operate these online gambles there would be likely activities such as money laundering by the criminals where they could easily sign in and put a sizable sum of cash wager a few times after which cash out the money. The money could then appears as if it is the gambling winnin gs. Conclusion Based on the finding highlighted above in my own view I believe the government did a good thing upholding on the decision to allow the two lottery operators to offer the online betting. Allowing this organization means that the government can easily monitor their activities through setting of regulations which will guide them in their operation. For the fear of losing the Licences these, company will observe the regulatory of the government. Moreover, if the government did not allow the online betting there would be underground black market, which will rise up, and these could lead to activities such as money laundering by the terrorist. Then decision by the Singapore government has brought forms of the gambling under the regulatory framework, as well as ensure that the taxes are paid and the proceed channeled to valuable social, charitable causes. References Ahlin, E. G. (2007). U.S. Patent Application No. 11/848,491. Andrle, J. D. (2004). Winning Hand: A Proposal for an International Regulatory Schema with Respect to the Growing Online Gambling Dilemma in the United States, A. Vand. J. Transnat'l L., 37, 1389. Braun, S., Kvasnicka, M. (2013). National sentiment and economic behavior: Evidence from online betting on European football. Journal of Sports Economics, 14(1), 45-64. Gainsbury, S. (2012). Internet gambling: Current research findings and implications. Springer Science Business Media. Griffiths, M. D. (2010). Gambling addiction on the Internet. Internet addiction: A handbook for evaluation and treatment, 91-111. Henderson, J. C. (2012). Developing and regulating casinos: The case of Singapore. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 12(3), 139-146. Hurt, C. (2006). Regulating public morals and private markets: Online securities trading, Internet gambling, and the speculation paradox. BUL Rev., 86, 371. Wood, R. T., Williams, R. J. (2007). Internet gambling: Past, present and future. Elsevier. Woolley, R. (2003). Mapping Internet gambling: Emerging modes of online participation in wagering and sports betting. International Gambling Studies, 3(1), 3-21